7.3: Translation
Essential idea:
- Information transferred from DNA to mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence.
7.3U1: Initiation of translation involves assembly of the components that carry out the process.
7.3U2: Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.
7.3U3: Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.
7.3U4: Free ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
7.3U5: Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
7.3U6: Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.
7.3U7: The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.
7.3U8: The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
7.3U9: The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R-groups.
7.3U10: The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain.
7.3A1: tRNA activating enzymes illustrate enzyme-substrate specificity and the role of phosphorylation.
7.3Skill 1: Identification of polysomes in electron micrographs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
7.2Skill 2: The use of molecular visualization software to analyse the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes and a tRNA molecule.
7.3U2: Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.
7.3U3: Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.
7.3U4: Free ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
7.3U5: Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
7.3U6: Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.
7.3U7: The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.
7.3U8: The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
7.3U9: The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R-groups.
7.3U10: The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain.
7.3A1: tRNA activating enzymes illustrate enzyme-substrate specificity and the role of phosphorylation.
7.3Skill 1: Identification of polysomes in electron micrographs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
7.2Skill 2: The use of molecular visualization software to analyse the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes and a tRNA molecule.