CHRISTINA BOWERS PH.D
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7.3:  Translation


Essential idea:
  • Information transferred from DNA to mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence.
7.3U1:  Initiation of translation involves assembly of the components that carry out the process.
7.3U2:  Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.
7.3U3:  Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.
7.3U4:  Free ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
7.3U5:  Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
7.3U6:  Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.
7.3U7:  The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.
7.3U8:  The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
7.3U9:  The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R-groups.
7.3U10:  The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain.


7.3A1: tRNA activating enzymes illustrate enzyme-substrate specificity and the role of phosphorylation.

7.3Skill 1:  Identification of polysomes in electron micrographs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
7.2Skill 2: The use of molecular visualization software to analyse the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes and a tRNA molecule.
LIfe is wonderfully complicated.   Stay curious.  Be skeptical.    And above all, ask many questions!