topic 1.2: ultrastructure of cells
Essential Ideas:
- Advances in microscopy led to an increased understanding of the complex structures found inside of cells.
- Cells can be organized into prokaryotes and eukaryotes based upon cellular features.
- Eukaryotes have a much more complicated cell structure than prokaryotes.
- Cell complexity increases with the appearance of specialized cellular compartments (organelles).
- Structures found in cells support the functions of those cells. For example, plant cells have chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis.
Microscopy
1.1U3: Electron microscopes have much higher magnification than light microscopes.
1.1Skill3: Interpretation of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specilialized cells.
1.1U3: Electron microscopes have much higher magnification than light microscopes.
1.1Skill3: Interpretation of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specilialized cells.
Prokaryotic cells
1.2U1: Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization
1.2A2: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
1.2Skill1: Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs, to include the following structures: cell wall, pili and flagella, and plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm, 70S ribosomes, and nucleoid with naked DNA.
1.2U1: Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization
1.2A2: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
1.2Skill1: Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs, to include the following structures: cell wall, pili and flagella, and plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm, 70S ribosomes, and nucleoid with naked DNA.
Eukaryotic cells
1.2U2: Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
1.2Skill2: Drawing of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs, to include the following structures: plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm, 80S ribosomes, nucleus with nucleolus and nuclear pores, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and for plant cells, cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole, and starch granules.
1.2U2: Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
1.2Skill2: Drawing of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs, to include the following structures: plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm, 80S ribosomes, nucleus with nucleolus and nuclear pores, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and for plant cells, cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole, and starch granules.